Value Objects

A "value object" is a fundamental component for modeling a software application's domain. Key characteristics in DDD:

1. Immutability: Value objects are unchangeable; any modification creates a new instance with updated values.

2. Equality: Their equality is determined by attribute values; identical attributes mean equality.

3. No Identity: Value objects lack unique identifiers, serving solely to provide value through attributes.

4. Composition: They often represent complex data structures within entities or other value objects, comprising multiple attributes.

5. Lightweight: Being identity-free and immutable makes value objects lightweight, easy to share, and reuse.

Examples include date/time, money, coordinates, measurements, color, and addresses.

In DDD, value objects enhance domain modeling, code clarity, maintainability, and data consistency, offering strong typing to prevent invalid data-related bugs.